Steam generator



Feb-.27, 1934. A w G. NoAcK 1,948,537

STEAM GENERATOR Filed Dec. 16. 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 30 W8 Nouk 32M@Memup www WMM W. G. NOACK STEAM GENERATOR Feb. 27', 1934.

Filed Dec. 16l 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 mi n NN YW En O MGM 1W. 5A .mhh

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vParental Feb. 27, 1934 infissi l.,9ll8,537

STEAM GENERATOR Walter Gustav Noack,

signor to Aktiengesellschaft Brown` Boveri Baden, Switzerland, as-

Cie, Baden, Switzerland, a joint-stock company of SwitzerlandApplication December i6, 1929, Serial No. ilhlt,

and in Germany December i9, 1923 ll Claims..

This invention relates to steam generators and is a continuation in partof my copending applications S. No. 333,453 fled January ith, i923,

S. NO. 343,745 iiled March lst, i929, S. No.`

343,746 iiled March ist, i929 and S. No. 375,133 iiled July 1st, 1929.Amongthe objects of the in venton is the provision of a novel steamgenern ator of the continuous combustion type, in which the combustionmixture is burned under `high pressure, and. the pressure is utilized todischarge the combustion gases at high velocity along heat exchangersurfaces holding a steam generating uid, thereby securing highereiliciency, economy in construction, space and operation, and bettercontrol.

The invention will be best understood from the following description ofexemplifications thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawmings wherein,

Fig. l is a diagrammatic view ot a boiler sys tern exemplifying one.form oi the invention;

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a boiler sysM tern embodying another'form of the invention;

Fig. 3 is a detail sectional view oi a portion. of the boiler unit ofFig. 2 illustrating the arrangernent of the water tubes and ci the gasdischarge tubes;

Fig. ll is a horizontal sectional detail View through the boiler oi Fig.2 along line liV-li oi Fig. 2;

Figs. 5 and 6 are horizontal sectional views through the water tubes andgas discharge tubes of boiler unit. such as shown in Fig. 2, illustratning modified construction` details;

Fig. 7 is an elevational view of a gas discharge tube of boiler as shownin Fig. 2;

Fig. 8 is a horizontal sectional view of one end of the gas dischargetube of Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a view similar' to Fig. 3 oi the other end ofthe gas dischargetube of Fig. '7.

In my prior1 applications referred to above, l have described novelsteam generators in which a combustible mixture was delivered to aclosed combustion chamber and there subjected to explosion-likecombustion, like in explosion type combustion engines, the pressureincrease produced by the explosion combustion being utilized to impartto the .gases a very high Velocity near the sound velocity along heatexchange surfaces for vaporizing Water circulated thereacross. In thepreferred type of steam generatorof the present invention, a combustiblecharge is continuously supplied under raised pressure to apressure-proof combustion chamber, and therein subjected to continuouscombustion, the pressure in the combustion chamber being applied toinipart to the combustion gases a similar high velocity through heatertubes of a heat exchanger for heating a steam generating fluid.

In accordance with the invention the pres it@ sure conditions in thecombustion chamber, the dimensions or the gas discharge tubes, and theentire system of the boiler are so designed and chosen as to cause thegases oi combustion to stream adjacent the heat exchange surfaces crboiler tubes, with a velocity near 300 meters per second or more. inorder to impart to the combustion gases this velocity, a certainpressure drop must taire place in the discharge conduits. that is. thepressure within the combusliti tion chamber must be a multiple oi' thepres sure in the flue or exhaust. lli? the loss oi pres-n sure onaccount ci tube iriction and the other factors governing the operationare taken into consideration. and it in addition, the lower value of theVelocity oi? the combustion gases is talren' as about 200 meters persecond, there is ob tained the value approximately ifi as a minimumpressure ratio. ior which the above described higher rate of heattransmission will taire place, although `favorableV results will. beobtained even with ratios which are somewhat smaller.

To secure such conditions, the continuous combustion boilers oi myinvention have the combustion carried out in a pressure tight chamber,such as is used, for example, in constant 'pressure gas turbines, andthe combustion air and the iuel are supplied to thechamber underpressure, as by a compressor. The combustion gases are oi increasedpressure, and are discharged from. the it@ combustion chamber, throughsuitably dimenn sioned heater tubes at a velocity oi. about 20u metersper second or more to secure the high rate of heat transmission acrossthe heat exchange surfaces.

I shall now describe, for purposes loi illus tration, embodiments of myinvention in which the advantages resulting from the high velocity ow ofthe combustion gases along the heat exchange surfaces are secured inboilers in itt which the combustion process is carried on continuouslyunder substantially constant pressure, as in constant pressurecombustion turbines.

` rihe exempliiication of the invention shown in Fig. l comprises aboiler plant having a combusvtilt, tion 'chamber 1. a heat exchanger 2,a steam separator drum 3, and associated and auxiliary controlapparatus.

Water from the drum 3 is supplied through supply pipes 4 by means of acirculating water 110 pump 5 to the heat exchanger 2. In passing throughthe heat exchanger, part of the water is vaporized and water with thesteam comingled with it is then returned through the pipe 5 to the steamseparator drum 3 where the steam separates and collects in the collectordome 7. The wet steam from the dome 7 vis then led through thesuperheater 9 mounted within the combustion chamber 1 and pipes 10 tothe apparatus where it is to be utilized, such as steam turbines, notshown. Fresh feed water is supplied to the boiler system by means offeed water pipe 11 connected to the drum 2, for instance.

The combustion chamber l and the heat exchanger 2 are constructedgenerally in a way similar to the construction of the explosion typeboiler illustrated in Figs. 2 to 4 of my application, Serial No.375,138, suitably modified for use in a continuous combustion processirstead of an explosion type combustion process. The combustion chamberis shown in the form of a pressure-tight sheet-metal chamber of steel orsimilar material having its walls lined with a heat insulating layer 15,of a suitable clay for instance. rihe lower end of the combustionchamber tapers down to a central inlet opening 16 at which is mounted aburner 17. 'I'o this burner, there is supplied a combustible mixture tosecure combustion under substantially constant pressure conditions.

The combustible mixture is` obtained by admitting to the burnercompressed air and fuel. The air may be supplied by a compressor 18 andthe fuel may be in the form of a liquid that is supplied by means of afuel pump 19. The compressor 18 and the fuel pump 19 may be driveneither separately or in common as by means of an electric motor 20,which may also serve to operate the water circulating pump 5 referred tobefore. The compressor 18 is connected directly to the inlet 16 of thecombustion chamber l, so that the compressed air delivered to thechamber to form the combustion mixture carries with it the heat ofcompression imparted to it in the compressor 18.

The combustion chamber 1 is provided with a gas outlet duct 23 by meansof which the hot gases of combustion developed under pressure in theclosed combustion chamber 1 are conveyed to the heat exchanger 2. Thecombustion chamber 1 is arranged to cooperate with one or more heatexchangers 2 in the same way as described in my above mentioned priorapplications. The heat exchanger is shown in the form of an elongatedcylindrical vessel of sheet metal having longitudinally mounted thereina large number of gas discharge tubes 25. In the upper end of the heatexchanger, there is provided an annular gas inlet chamber 26 and at thelower end of the heat exchanger, there is provided a gas outlet chamber27. The gas discharge tubes 25 have their upper ends connected to thegas inlet chamber 26 and their lower ends to the gas outlet chamber 27.The gases of combustion discharged from the combustion chamber 1 throughthe gas outlet duct 23 pass into the inlet chamber 26 of-the heatexchanger, wherefrom they are discharged at high velocity through thegas discharge pipes 25 into the outlet chamber 27 whence they passthrough the exhaust outlet 28.

By a suitable cho'ce of the dimensions of the gas discharge tubes 25,the combustion chamber may ce carried outin such manner as to impart tothe gases of combustion developed in chamber 1 a pressure suciently highabove the pressure at the exhaust end of the heat exchanger as to causethe combustion gases to flow through the gas discharge pipes 25 with avelocity of about 2G@ meters per second or more. n 'this way, a veryhigh rate of heat exchange between the streaming combustion gases andthe water surrounding the gas discharge pipes 25 is obtained asexplained before, and efficient boiler operation is secured. Bymaintaining the water flowing through the heat exchanger in rapidcirculation, the rate of steam generation is still further increased.

The superheater 9 may be arranged in the form of a pipe coil disposednear the outlet duct on the top of the combustion chamber 1, as shown inthe drawings, or the superheater pipes may be distributed adjacent tothe walls of the combustion chamber as in the construction shown in Figs2 to i of my application, Ser. No. 375,138. The compressor 18, forsupplying the combustible mixture to the combustion chamber underpressure may be driven, as shown, by electromotor 20 or it may,preferably, be arranged for drive by a steam turbine or by a combustionengine, in the manner illustrated in my prior applications referred toabove.

'Ihe size of such combustion engine for driving 4the compressor may bematerially decreased if such engine is operated with supercharging, thatis, if the combustion air and fuel are supplied in compressed form. Insuch case, I preferably utilize the compressor which supplies thecompressed ,such as those shown in my previous applications referred toabove, may, of course, likewise be utilized.

Instead of separate heat exchangers or vaporizers 2, I may provide aplurality of individual tube members or boiler tubes to serve asvaporizers. Such vaporizer may be made in the form of a tube having oneor more pipes extending through its center for carrying the hotcombustion gases at high velocity. The water which is to be vaporized iscirculated through the enclosing tube in the direction opposite to theflow of the gases.

If a steam turbine is used for driving the compressor, it may, withadvantage, be constructed and operated as a back pressure or bleederturbine under utilization of its bleeder and exhaust steam forpreheating the feed Water for the steam generator.

According to my invention, the compressor load is so chosen that thesteam required by the back pressure turbine for driving the compressoris approximately sufcient to preheat the feed Water to near thetemperature of vaporization.

If an internal combustion chamber, such as a gas machine, Diesel engine,or the like, is used for driving the compressor, I preferably utilizethe exhaust gases of such driving engine for pre- :mater heating theboiler water. in such case, I may admix the exhaust gases of the drivingengine with the exhaust gases coming from the heat exchanger and utilizethe mixture of these gases for preheating purposes ineconomizers or thenre.

A steam generator embodying these features is shown in Figs. 2 to 6. Thegenerator comprises a pressure-proof combustion chamber casing 41 ofsteel or similar pressure proof material. The upper end of thecombustion chamber casing 41 is provided with a water outlet head 42 andthe lower end of the. combustion chamber casing is provided with a waterinlet head 43. The chamber 41 is lined along its circumference with alayer of longitudinally extending water tubes 44 having their upper andlower ends tightly secured within suitable openings in the water outletchamber 42 and Water inlet chamber- 43, respectively. The water tubes 44are preferably slightly bent so as to hex and adjust themselves in placein accordance with temperature conditionswithout introducing excessivestrains into the construction and without breaking loose from theirconnections. l

The water inlet chamber 43 is oi annular shape and has its inner wallarrangedto form an up 'wardly .tapering inlet 45 into the combustionchamber 4l. At the lower end of the inlet there is mounted a burner 46at which the combustible mixtureris subjected to combustion." 'llhecombustion mixture may, for instance, be `provided by a mixture ofcompressed air supplied from a compressor 47 and fuel supplied by a fuelpump 48. As in the structure shown in Fig. l, the burnerV 46 may beconstructed in the form of the burners developed for use in constantpressure combustion turbines, as described, for instance in the book ofA. Stodola on Steam and Combustion Turbines, published in 1927 byMcGraw- Hill Company. New York.

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The wateroutlet chamber 42 may likewise be of annular form and isprovided 'at the lower end of inner wall with a row of openings l towhich are tightly secured the upper ends of a series of gas dischargepipes or nozzles 52. These gas discharge pipes or nozzles extenddownwardly through the-water tubes 44 and are connected at their lowerends to an annular gas outlet chamber 53, having an exhaust opening 54leading to an exhaust duct 55. Over the center opening of the annularwater outlet chamber is mounted a superheater head 56 which carries asystem of superheater pipes 57 to which steam that is to be superheatedis admitted through the inletchamber 58 and from which superheated steamows through the outlet chamber 59 into the supply line 60 which deliversit to the load, such as steam turbines of a power plant.

The interior of the water outlet head 42 is connected to a steamcollecting vessel, such as a separator drum 61. Water that is near the`vapor'- izing temperature is circulated by pump .62 through pipe 63 byway of th'e water inlet chamber 43 and caused to flow upwardly throughthe water tubes 44 and then through the water outlet f chamber 42 by wayof pipe 64into the drum 61.

Feed Water may be directly admitted to drum 61 by feed water pipe 65.rI'he combustion gases which are developed under pressure within theenclosed combustion chamber 41 are discharged through gas outlet pipes52 in the direction opposite tothe direction of the flow .of the waterin the water tubes 44, the gases being discharged at'high velocity tosecure the high rate of heatt exchange as explained before. The exhaustgases leave the boiler through the exhaust opening 54 and are used forpreheating the feed water.

The Water tubes with the gas discharge pipes extending therethrough maybe arranged in the form as shown in Fig. 4 where a single gas dischargepipe extends through the-length of the water tube; orthey may bearranged as shown in Fig. 5 where several gas discharge tubes 7l arenested in a-singlewater tube 72, thereby forcing the water to circulatein thin layers and increasing the rate df steam generation. Anotheradvantageous arrangement is shown in Fig. 6 wherein three concentrictubes '74, 75, A76 are arranged one within the other, the water beingcirculated through the inner tube '74 and the space between the outertube 76 and the intermediate tube 75, while the gas is dischargedthrough the concentric space between the inner tube 'i4 and theintermediate tube 75.

The gas discharge tubes of the arrangements described above have theircross-sections suitably designed so as to secure the desired velocity ofgas flow in order to give the most favorable conditions of heatexchange. The different portions of the gas discharge tubes may be ofdifferent 1 cross-section in accordance with the specific volurne of theexhaust gases and the different values of the flow velocities. This maybe secured either by connecting tubes of diiferent cross-section to eachother or by restricting the cross-section of a giventube, as by pressingit hat, so that one end assumes an oval cross-section, asshown in Figs.'l to 9.

The utilization of individual boiler tubes or vaporizers, as illustratedin Fig. 2, makes it possible-to employ these tubes as a lining for thecombustion chamber so as to make it altogether unnecessary to provide aseparate fire-proof insulating lining for the combustion chamber or topermit the utilization of a thinner insulating lining "77. v

The compressor 47 for supplying the combustion air at a high pressureand impart vto the combustion gases a high velocity through the heatertubes 52 for securing a high rate of steam generation may be drivenby anauxiliary steam turbine 3l. IThe turbine ill may be arranged to v steamis condensed by the water in the preheaters 86, 88 and the preheatedwater is led through pipe 90 to the water pump 62 and admixed tothewater circulated by the pump. In this way all the heat of the suppliedsteam that is not utilized in compressing the air by the compressor isreturned to the feed water and applied for steam generation. y l

The compressor 47 may also be driven by an auxiliary piston-typeexplosion motor 91. The

-exhaust gases of the explosion motor 91 are led through' pipe 92v tothe exhaust duct 55 and admixed with the exhaust gases from the heatexchanger gas tubes 52. A feed water preheater 93 provided in the outletduct 55 conveys the rem- *nant heat in the exhaust gases from the heaterubes 52 and the explosion motor 91 to the feed:

water which kows from the supply pipe 85, through pipe 94, the preheater93 and pipe 95 to the water pump 62, being admitted to the Watercirculated through the water tubes al1. The explosion motor 91 ispreferably arranged to be charged under pressure, being supplied withcompressed air through pipe 99 leading from compressor 4'? and with fuelthrough pipe 100 leading from fuel pump 48. The heat cycle of theexplosion motor 82.is thus likewise interlinked with the heat cycleofthe steam generator, the heat not utilized in the motor being appliedfor raising the temperature of the water that is evaporated.

The invention of the present application isdirected to the featuresdisclosed and claimed herein involving the utilization of compressedhigh-temperature combustion gases for imparting to the gases a highvelocity and thereby securing high transfer of heat to a vaporizablesubstance and generation of vapor, and more particularly the use ofcontinuous compression and combustion for the operation of thegenerator. The steam generator apparatus and operation disclosed abovein connection with the exemplication of the foregoing invention embodiesmany other novel features relating to the utilization of high velocitycompressed combustion for steam generation as described and claimed inmy copending applications, Serial No. 333,453 led January 18, 1929,Serial No. 343,745 led March 1, 1929, Serial No. 343,746 led March 1,1929, Serial No. 375,138 led July l, 1929, and Serial No. 419,026 filedJanuary 7, 1930.

The various apparatus and mechanisms and the details of operation towhich I referred above in describing my invention are intended only asexemplications, as many modifications and variations thereof may beutilized in carrying out the principles of my invention. I accordinglydesire that the appended claims be given a broad constructioncommensurate with the scope of the invention within the art. The termssteam, steam generating fluid and steam generation as used in describingthe practical exemplifications of my invention refer not only to steamgenerated by heating water which is chiefly .employed in all vapor powerplants at present, but as used in the specification and claims areintended to include broadly all other equivalent vaporizable liquidssuitable for vaporization by heat conveyed thereto and for utilizationas a power medium.

I claim as my invention:

l. A steam generator comprising a pressureproof combustion chamber,means including compressor means for continuously supplying acombustible charge of a predetermined pressure range to said chamberandfor subjecting said charge to continuous combustion therein at thesupplied pressure, aheat exchanger having gas discharge ductsconnected'to said combustion chamber proportioned and constructed tocause the pressure of the hot combustion gases in said chamber to drivesaid combustion gases through said ducts at a velocity of about 20Gmetersper second or more,

and means for passing a steam generatingfiuid to be heated around saidducts.

2. A steam generator comprising a pressureproof combustion chamber, agas outlet member, a heat exchanger having ducts connected between saidcombustion chamber and said outlet member to discharge hot gases ofcombustion from said chamber, means for passing a steam generating uidto be heated around said ducts, and means including compressor means forcontinuously supreacts?" plying a combustible charge of a predeterminedpressure range to said chamber and for subjecting said charge tocontinuous combustion therein at the supplied pressure, the pressure ofthe hot combustion gases in said chamber' and said ducts beingproportioned and constructed in such relation to the pressure conditionsin said outlet member as to cause said combustion gases to be driven bytheir pressure through said ducts at a velocity of about 200 meters persecond or higher.

3. A steam generator comprising a'pressureproof combustion chamber,means including a compressor for continuously supplying a combustiblecharge of a predetermined pressure range to said chamber and forsubjecting said charge to continuous combustion therein at the suppliedpressure, a heat exchanger having gas discharge ducts connected to saidcombustion chamber proportioned and constructed to cause the pressure ofthe hot combustion gases in said chamber to drive said combustion gasesthrough said ducts at a Velocity of about 200 meters per second or more,means for passing'a steam generating uid to be heated around said ducts,heat-energized motor means for driving said compressor, and

`means interlinking the yheat cycle of said motor means with the heatcycle of said steam generrator delivering thereto heat from said motormeans not utilized in compressing Worlr.

4. A steam generator comprising a pressureproof combustion chamber,means including compressor means for continuously supplying acombustible charge of a predetermined pressure range to said chamber andfor subjecting said charge to continuous combustion therein at thesupplied pressure, a heat exchanger having gas discharge ducts connectedto said combustion chamber proportioned and constructed to cause thepressure of the hot combustion gases in said chamber to drive saidcombustion gases through said ducts at a velocity of about 20G metersper second or more, and means for passing a steam generating fluid to beheated around said ducts in a direction opposite to the direction of thegas ow in said ducts.

5. A steam generator comprising a pressureproof combustion. chamber,means including compressor means for continuously supplying acombustible charge of a predetermined pressure range to said chamber andfor subjecting said charge to continuous combustion therein at thesupplied pressure, a heat exchanger having gas discharge ducts connectedto said combustion chamber proportioned and constructed to cause thepressure of the hot combustion gases in said chamber to drivesaidcombustion gases through said ducts at a velocity of about 200meters per second or more, a steam separator vessel, tubular enclosuremeans surrounding said ducts connected to said separator, and means fordriving a preheated steam generating fluid through said enclosure meansto said separator. y

6. A steam generator comprising .a pressureproof combustion chamber,means including compressor means for continuously supplying acombustible charge of a predetermined pressure range to said chamber andfor subjecting said charge to continuous combustion therein at thesupplied pressure, a heat exchanger having 4a plurality of gas dischargetubes connected to said combustion chamber proportioned and 'con.

structed to cause the pressure of the hot combustion gases in saidchamber to drive said combustion gases through said ducts at a velocityof about 200 meters per second or more, a steam separator vessel, aplurality of uid tubes survitil lib bili

` chamber to drive said combustion gases through rounding said gas tubesand connected to said separator, and means for driving a preheated steamgenerating fluid through said fluid tubes to said separator, said huidtubes with the gas tubes in the interior thereof being disposed withinsaid combustion chamber along the walls thereof as heat protectiontherefor.

ll l steam generator comprising a pressureproof combustion chamber,means including a compressor :for continuously supplying a combustible-charge of a predetermined pressure range to said chamber and forsubjecting said charge to continuous combustion therein at the suppliedpressure, a heat exchanger having gas discharge ducts connected to saidcombustion chamber andarranged to cause the pressure of the hotcombustion gases in said chamber to drive said combustion gases throughsaid ducts at a velocity of1 about 20o meters per second or more, asteam separator vessel, tubular enclosure means surrounding said. ductsconnected to saidsepar'ator, means for driving a preheated steamgenerating fluid through said enclosure to said separator,heat-energized motor means for driving said compressor, and meansinterlinlring the heat cycle of said motor means with the heat cycle ofsaid' steam generator' delivering to the fluid driven through saidenclosure means heat supplied to said motor means but not utilized incompressing vvorlr.

d. l steam generator comprising a pressureproof combustion chamber, agas outlet member, a heat exchanger having ducts connected between saidcombustion chamber and said outlet member to discharge hot gases ofcombustion fromsaid chamber, means for passing a steam generat ing fluidto be heated around said ducts, and means including compressor means iorcontinuously supplying to said chamber a combustible charge of apredetermined pressure range at least l..l times greater thanthe'pressure in said outlet ember and for subjecting said charge to comnbustion in said chamber at the supplied pressure, said ducts beingconstructed and proportioned to cause the pressure of the combustiongases in said chamber to drive the gases through said ducts at avelocity oi about 200 meters per second or higher.

9. A steam generator comprising a pressure-i the pressure of the hotcombustion gases in saidy chamber to drive said combustion gases throughsaid ducts at 'a velocity of about 200 meters per second or more.

l0. A steam generator comprising a pressureproof combustion chamber,means'including a' compressor supplying a combustible charge of apredetermined pressure range to said chamber and for subjecting saidcharge to combustion `under pressure in said chamber, a heat exchangermeans for holding asteam generating fiuid and having heating surfacesconstituting gas discharge ducts connected to said combustion chamberproportioned and constructed to cause the pressure of fthe hotcombustion gases in said said ducts at a velocity of about 200 metersper second or more, heat-energized motor means for driving saidcompressor, and' means interlinlring the heat cycle of said motor. meanswith the heat cycle of said steam generatorv delivering thereto heatsupplied to said motor means but not utilized in compressing Work.

l1. A steam generator comprising a pressureproof combustion chamber,means including coinpressor means for continuously supplying acombustible charge of a predetermined pressure range to said chamber andfor subjecting said charge to continuous combustion therein at thesupplied pressure, a heat exchanger having a plurality of gas dischargetubes connected to said combustion chamber proportioned and constructedto cause the pressure of the hot com bustion gases in said chamber todrive said combustion gases through said ducts at a velocity of about200 meters per second or more, a steam separator vessel, a plurality ofhuid tubes surrounding said gas tubes and connected to said separator,means for driving a preheated steam generating fluid through said fluidtubes to said separator, said fluid tubes with the gas tubes in theinterior thereof being disposed Within said combustion chamber along thewalls thereof as heatA protection therefor, and superheater tubesextending through said chamber for superheatingsteam from. saidseparator vessel.

A,12. The method of generating steam for sup plylng a steam consumingload which comprises compressing a gaseous body and forming therewith acombustible charge of substantial raised pressure, subjecting saidcombustible charge to combustion under raised pressure, and applying thepressure of the compressed hot combustion gases for imparting to saidgases a velocity of about 200 meters per second or more along a heatexchange surface separating the gases from @ill a steam generating huidto transfer heat thereto lib body and forming therewith a combustiblecharge i2@ of substantial raised pressure, subjecting said combustiblecharge to combustion under raised pressure, applying the pressure of thecompressed hot combustion gases for imparting to said gases a velocityor" about 2U@ mel ters per second or more along heat exchange surfacesseparating the gases from a steam generating fluid to transfer heatthereto and generate steam, and Adelivering part of the heat applied tocompressing said charge but not utilized i3@ in compressing work to thesteam generating huid for preheating the same.

i4. The' method of generating steam for supplying a steam consuming loadwhich comprises applying a heat motor for driving a compressor to lcompress a gaseous body and form therewith la. combustible charge ofsubstantial raised pressure, subjecting said combustible charge tocombustion under raised pressure, applying the presvat sure of thecompressed hot combustion gases for imparting to said gases a velocityof about 200 meters per second or more -along heat exchange surfacesseparating the gases from a steam generating fiuid to'transfer heatthereto and generate g steam, and delivering part of the heat suppliedto said heat motor but not utilized in compressing work to the steamgenerating fluid for preheating the same. 15. The method of generatingsteam for supplyingv a steam consuming load which comprises continuouslycompressing a gaseous body ami forming therewith a combustible charge ofsubs stantiai raiseol pressure, continuously subjecting said combustiblecharge to combustion under raised pressure, and applying the pressure ofthe compresses hot combustion gases for imparting to said. gases avelocity of. about 200 meters per second or more along heat exchangesurfaces separating said gases from a steam generating iuid'to transferheat thereto and generate steaun i6. The method of generating steam forsupplying a steam consuming load. which comprises applying heat energyfor continuously compressing a gaseous body and forming therewith acombustible charge of substantial raised. pressure, continuouslysubjecting said combustible charge to combustion under raised pressure,applying the pressure of the compressed hot combustion gases forimparting to said gases a velocity of about 20o meters per second; ormore along heat exchange surfaces separating said gases from a steamgenerating fluid to transfer heat thereto and; generate steam, and.delivering part of the heat applied to compressing 'said charge but notutilized in conipressing wort: to the steam generating ruic-w forpreheating the sameo 17. The method of generating steam for supplying asteam consuming load which comprises applying a heat motor for driving acompressor to continuously compress a gaseous body and form therewith acombustible charge of substantial raised pressure, continuouslysubjecting said combustible charge to combustion under raised pressure,applying the pressure of the compressed hot combustion gases forimparting to said gases a velocity of about 20@ meters per second. ormore along a set of heat exchange surfaces separating said gases from asteam generating fluid to transfer heat thereto and generate steam,anniL delivering part of the heat supplied to said heatl motor but notutilized. in compressing Work to the steam generating fluid forpreheating the sarnel WALTER GUSTAV NOACK.

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